Minggu, 21 November 2010

RAISING LIVESTOCK I T I K

RAISING LIVESTOCK I T I K
(Anas spp.)
1. BRIEF HISTORY
Ducks also known as Duck (bhs.Jawa). Ancestors came from North America is a wild duck (Anas moscha) or Wild mallard. Continuous domesticated by humans to be the preserved duck now called Anas domesticus (duck).
2. FISHERIES CENTER
Internationally duck concentrated in countries in North America, South America, Asia, the Philippines, Malaysia, Britain, France (countries that have tropical and subtropical season). While in Indonesia are concentrated in regions of duck Java (Tegal, Brebes and Mojosari), Kalimantan (Alabio District, District Amuntai) and Bali and Lombok.
3. TYPE
Classification (classification) of ducks, according to its type are grouped into 3 (three) categories, namely:
1)
Duck like the Indian Runner, Khaki Campbell, Buff (Buff Orpington) and CV 2000-INA;
2)
Such as Peking duck meat, Rouen, Aylesbury, Muscovy, Cayuga;
3)
Ornamental duck (duck pet / hobby), such as East India, Call (Grey Call), Mandariun, Blue Swedish, Crested, Wood.
Type seeds are bred, especially in Indonesia is kind of like duck duck dry, khaki Campbell ducks, Alabio, duck mojosari, bali duck, duck CV 2000-INA and ducks that are laying another superior product of CPM (Central Research Livestock) Ciawi, Bogor.
4. BENEFITS
1)
For independent populist economic enterprises.
2)
To obtain the consumption of duck eggs, meat, and livestock breeding ducks.
3)
Manure as fertilizer can crop / crops.
4)
As the days activities filler retirement.
5)
To achieve the nation through the provision of public nutrition.
5. LOCATION REQUIREMENTS
Regarding the location of the cage to be considered are: location location location far from the hustle / residential population, have transportation, easily accessible location from the location of marketing and environmental conditions of the cage has a favorable climate for livestock production or productivity. Ducks and site conditions are not prone to evictions in some production periods.
6. TECHNICAL GUIDELINES FOR RAISING
Before a farmer starting his business, must prepare themselves, especially in terms of raising the understanding of pancausaha namely (1). Perkandangan, (2). Superior, (3). Livestock Feed, (4). Procedure and (5). Marketing of Livestock.
6.1. Preparation Facility and Equipment
1)
Terms of temperature ± 39 ° C cage.
2)
Humidity ranges between 60-65% cage
3)
Lighting provided to facilitate the setting cage cage cage for governance in accordance with the functions of the parts of the cage
4)
Model cage there are 3 (three) types:
a.
cage to duckling (DOD) oada stater period can be called also the stable box, with a size of 1 m2 to accommodate 50 fish DOD
b.
Brower cage (for ducks juvenile) is called the stable model Ren / cage tail group with the size of 16-100 per group
c.
screen cage (for ducks during nesting) model can be a cage batteries (one or two tails in one box) can also form the cage location (group) with the size of each square meter of 4-5 adult ducks (egg-laying period or for 30 adult ducks with cage size 3 x 2 meters).
5)
The condition of the cage and equipment
The condition of the cage does not need an expensive material but is quite simple origin durable (strong). For equipment in the form of places to eat, where to drink and perhaps other additional perelengkapan positive intent in the management
6.2. Nurseries
Livestock reared ducks have to be really a superior cattle that have tested its superiority in producing livestock products is expected.
1)
The selection of seed and broodstock
The selection of seeds there are 3 (three) ways to obtain a good seed ducks are as follows:
a.
buying duck eggs from the parent that is guaranteed superiority
b.
maintain the parent is male + female duck duck eggs excel to get stuck and then put it on, chicken or hatching machine
c.
buy DOD (Day Old Duck) from the nurseries that have been known for its quality and who have received recommendation from the local farms good setempat.Ciri DOD is not disabled (no pain) with shiny yellow coat color.
2)
Treatment of seed and broodstock
a.
Seed Treatment
Seeds (DOD) who had just arrived from the nursery, should be handled technically wrong to not care. As for handling as follows: seedlings received and placed on the cage brooder (sires) which has been prepared in advance. And the things that need to be considered is the temperature in the brooder brooder cultivated a duckling evenly distributed, brooder cage capacity (box) for 1 m2 to accommodate 50 fish DOD, where food and drinking places in accordance with the provisions of the type of feed ducks and stater phase drink should be increased vitamin / mineral.
b.
Nursing candidates Parent
Prospective parent ducks there are two kinds of parent to parent egg production and consumption for the production of eggs. Treatment of both the same, the difference is only on the parent for the production of hatching eggs must be male by a ratio of 1 male to 5-6 females.
3)
Reproduction and Marriage
Reproduction or breeding is intended to get the egg hatchability of fertile / well-fertilized by the male duck. While there are two known mating system
kinds of ducks hand mating / feeding ducks made by man and nature mating (mating ducks naturally).
6.3. Maintenance
1)
Sanitation and Preventive Action
Sanitation cage is absolutely necessary in the maintenance of duck and preventive measures (prevention of disease) need to be considered early warning of disease.
2)
Controller Disease
Made at any time and carefully and thoroughly. Disabled and seriously handle when there are signs of poor health on the duck.
3)
Feeding
Feeding ducks in three phases, namely phase stater (age 0-8 weeks), grower phase (age 8-18 weeks) and phase-screen (age 18-27 weeks). Feed the three phases in the form of feed so from the factory (in practical) with the code of each phase.
How to give the feed is divided into four groups:
a.
0-16 days of age is given in place of flat feed (tray feeder)
b.
age of 16-21 days given with tray feeder and distribution floor
c.
aged 21 days to 18 weeks spread the floor.
d.
age 18 weeks-72 weeks, there are two ways the first 7 days in a feed transition with respect to the beginning of spawn production until production reached 5%. After that, duck feeding ad libitum (continuous). In the case of duck feed ad libitum, to save on feed costs both the usual place of his own rations diranum from ingredients such as corn, bran, fish meal, bone flour, meal feed supplements.
e.
Giving probiotics MigroSUPLEMEN on young ducks mixed in drinking water. The way of administration are as follows:

Age 1-7 days: Use MigroSUPLEMEN is 30ml / hari/1000 tail.

Age 8-14 days: Use MigroSUPLEMEN is 60ml / hari/1000 tail.

Age 15 - 20 days: Use MigroSUPLEMEN is 90ml / hari/1000 tail.

Age 21 and older: Use MigroSUPLEMEN is 100ml / hari/1000 tail. Given only 2 days.
f.
Ducks are already producing eggs, probiotic MigroSUPLEMENdiberikan once every 2 days (morning or afternoon) with a dose of 120ml/2hari sekali/1000 tail. Given in drinking water or mixed in feed.
g.
When is the application of vaccines, probiotics MigroSUPLEMENpada day delivery was suspended, given back the next day.
Giving drinks duck, duck also based on age, namely:
a.
age 0-7 days, for the first 3 days of drinking water plus vitamins and minerals, where such acids for chicks.
b.
age 7-28 days, where the edge of the cage and drinking water provided ad libitum (continuous)
c.
28 days-otherwise disposed of, a place to drink in the form of a rectangular with a size of 2 mx 15 cm and height 10 cm to 200-300 birds. Every day cleaning.
4)
Maintenance Cage
Cages should be kept clean and use for power production is not affected from the existing condition of the cage.
7. PEST AND DISEASE
Broadly speaking duck disease are grouped in two things:
1)
diseases caused by microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria and protozoa
2)
disease caused by a deficiency of food and administration of inappropriate perkandangan
The usual type of disease in ducks infected are:
1)
Duck Disease Cholera
Cause: bacteria Pasteurela avicida. Symptoms: diarrhea, paralysis, yellow-green feces. Control: Sanitation cage, treatment with penicillin injection in breast tissue with appropriate doses of the drug's label.
2)
Salmonellosis Disease
Cause: bacteria typhimurium.Gejala: shortness of breath, diarrhea. Control: good sanitation, treatment with furazolidone through the diet at levels of 0.04% or sulfadimidin mixed with drinking water, dose adjusted to the drug's label.
8. HARVEST
8.1. Main Results
The main result, businesses are laying duck duck eggs
8.2. By-product
The results add a parent rejects, drake as cattle meat and cattle manure as a valuable fertilizer plant
9. Postharvest
Postharvest activities that can be done is preservation. By preserving the economic value of duck egg will be longer than if they were made preservation. Eggs are not given preservation treatment can only hold it for 14 days when stored at room temperature even will soon rot. The pickling treatment comprises 5 types, namely:
a)
Preserving with warm water
Preserving with warm water is the preservation of the simplest of duck eggs. In this way the eggs can survive for 20 days.
b)
Preservation of eggs with guava leaf
Soaking eggs with guava leaves to maintain the quality of eggs for about 1 month. Eggs that have been soaked will change color to brown like eggs evaporation.
c)
Preservation of eggs with coconut oil
Pickling is a preservation of the practical. In this way the egg shell color and taste has not changed.
d)
Preservation of eggs with sodium silicate
Materials preservation of sodium silicate merupkan viscous liquid, colorless, clear, and odorless. Natirum silicate to cover the pores of the shell so that the eggs durable and long lasting up to 1.5 months. That is by soaking the eggs in a solution of sodium silikat10% for a month.
e)
Preservation of eggs with salt
Salt soaked in a solution of common salt (NaCl) with a concentration of 25-40% for 3 weeks.
10.2.Gambaran Agribusiness Opportunities
Eggs and duck meat is a commodity exports that can deliver huge profits. The need for eggs and meat are very large international market and are still not balanced from existing inventory. It can be seen that only two countries Thailand and Malaysia, which became the largest exporting country. Until now, duck farming is still a commodity that promise to be developed intensively.

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